Patient care by residents is as good as by fully qualified doctors

Public release date: 27-Jun-2012
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Contact: Hilary Glover
hilary.glover@biomedcentral.com
44-203-192-2370
BioMed Central

Medical residents are an essential part of the hospital workforce. Although still in training the take on much of the day to day care of patients. A systematic review published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Medicine shows that patient by properly supervised residents care is safe and of equal quality to that of fully trained doctors.

Residency training is an essential part of a doctors education after they leave university. Once completed doctors are expected to provide high quality care and while many studies have looked at different aspects of residency training, the care provided by residents has not been comprehensively examined.

Researchers from the University of Amsterdam and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) collated almost 100 articles published between 2004 and 2011 all of which were related to residency training, post graduate training, and patient treatment. Together these papers largely point to a positive message both for the residents and the people involved in their training.

The majority of studies included in this systematic review showed that patient care is safe and of equal quality, to fully qualified doctors, when delivered by residents, especially those whose inexperience was balanced with teaching by more experienced staff.

Rene van der Leeuw who led this study noted, "A minority of results found some negative patient outcomes and several studies found that patient outcomes improved throughout the residency period. We would recommend that for all residents, adequate supervision and evaluation, plus extra time to perform operations, is essential to maintain patient care."

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Notes to Editors

1. A systematic review of the effects of residency training on patient outcomes
Rene M van der Leeuw, Kiki MJMH Lombarts, Onyebuchi A Arah and Maas Jan Heineman
BMC Medicine (in press)

Please name the journal in any story you write. If you are writing for the web, please link to the article. All articles are available free of charge, according to BioMed Central's open access policy.

Article citation and URL available on request on the day of publication.

2. BMC Medicine is the flagship medical journal of the BMC series, publishing original research, commentaries and reviews that are either of significant interest to all areas of medicine and clinical practice, or provide key translational or clinical advances in a specific field.

3. BioMed Central is an STM (Science, Technology and Medicine) publisher which has pioneered the open access publishing model. All peer-reviewed research articles published by BioMed Central are made immediately and freely accessible online, and are licensed to allow redistribution and reuse. BioMed Central is part of Springer Science+Business Media, a leading global publisher in the STM sector.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 27-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Hilary Glover
hilary.glover@biomedcentral.com
44-203-192-2370
BioMed Central

Medical residents are an essential part of the hospital workforce. Although still in training the take on much of the day to day care of patients. A systematic review published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Medicine shows that patient by properly supervised residents care is safe and of equal quality to that of fully trained doctors.

Residency training is an essential part of a doctors education after they leave university. Once completed doctors are expected to provide high quality care and while many studies have looked at different aspects of residency training, the care provided by residents has not been comprehensively examined.

Researchers from the University of Amsterdam and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) collated almost 100 articles published between 2004 and 2011 all of which were related to residency training, post graduate training, and patient treatment. Together these papers largely point to a positive message both for the residents and the people involved in their training.

The majority of studies included in this systematic review showed that patient care is safe and of equal quality, to fully qualified doctors, when delivered by residents, especially those whose inexperience was balanced with teaching by more experienced staff.

Rene van der Leeuw who led this study noted, "A minority of results found some negative patient outcomes and several studies found that patient outcomes improved throughout the residency period. We would recommend that for all residents, adequate supervision and evaluation, plus extra time to perform operations, is essential to maintain patient care."

###

Notes to Editors

1. A systematic review of the effects of residency training on patient outcomes
Rene M van der Leeuw, Kiki MJMH Lombarts, Onyebuchi A Arah and Maas Jan Heineman
BMC Medicine (in press)

Please name the journal in any story you write. If you are writing for the web, please link to the article. All articles are available free of charge, according to BioMed Central's open access policy.

Article citation and URL available on request on the day of publication.

2. BMC Medicine is the flagship medical journal of the BMC series, publishing original research, commentaries and reviews that are either of significant interest to all areas of medicine and clinical practice, or provide key translational or clinical advances in a specific field.

3. BioMed Central is an STM (Science, Technology and Medicine) publisher which has pioneered the open access publishing model. All peer-reviewed research articles published by BioMed Central are made immediately and freely accessible online, and are licensed to allow redistribution and reuse. BioMed Central is part of Springer Science+Business Media, a leading global publisher in the STM sector.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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The Sibikwe Arts Indigenous Orchestra in Celebration | Looking at ...

Heritage.
I am acutely uncomfortable with the subject of ?heritage? in South Africa. There is a sense in which many South Africans, of which I am one, are not sure just what belongs in the ?heritage? box. We are who we are and have few clear lines to trace back to a particular ethnic group, language or place. We are generic South Africans. That is, I suppose, our heritage. This is important to mention as a presupposition when dealing with a concept like the ?African Indigenous Orchestra? which is really something that is simply generically African, without too many clear lines back to something which existed in a pure form at any one place.

African Music Instruments.

The Sibekwa Africa Indigenous Orchestra play a variety of instruments from various parts of Africa, not only from Southern Africa and then they mix these with western instruments. The music they play would perhaps have frightened a group of 18th century herdsmen in their rural reaches. It certainly owes more to Motown?s influence than Princess Magogo?s efforts to save traditional Nguni music. This is not a criticism, just a reflection on the ?generic South African? thing. It is, as the press release says, ?a unique blend of sounds and rhythms reminiscent of the old and new South African music scene.?

The show itself had absolutely no didactic element whatsoever. I had expected one and it never materialised. I have been privileged, over the years, to attend shows where the kudu horns, dinaka pipes, kalimbas, uhadis and makubes have been demonstrated and played. Here they were just played and if one has the background one knows which instrument is which and if one does not have the background one can just settle in to enjoy the sound.

The sound is enjoyable indeed. Afro-pop, Latin American jazz, polyrhythms and traditional jazz all fuse to make a joyful noise. The orchestra has travelled widely, both internationally and in South Africa and they have now released their first CD, Celebration, which is as much fun as the show was. Tlale Makhene leads the orchestra in a variety of bright, cheerful, upbeat numbers which includes one of South Africa?s best known pieces of music, Meadowlands. It is easy and pleasant listening.

The musicians are Tlale Makene, Siya Makuzeni, Esther Maumela, Thokozani Nsibande, Lucky Tshimbudzi, Lydia Mokhele, Bebe Shongwe, Percy Mbonani, Siya Makuzeni, Siyabulela Sifatyi, Thandi Dube, and Mokhalinyana Mokhere.

I saw a performance of ?Celebration? on Youth Day, 16 June 2012, at The Market Theatre. For more information go to www.sibikwa.co.za or indigenousorchestra.blogspot.com. You can hear them on 4, 5 and 6 July at the National Arts Festival in Grahamstown.

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Multi-skilled, trained theologian (Christian), administrator and journalist, I conduct weddings, funerals and facilitate spiritual growth workshops. Theatre, music, dance and visual arts are my passions. I have been making my musical musings, theatre talks and dance dialogues public since February 1999 when I acquired access to the internet. Books are another passion, and I have a particular interest in South African ecology and history.

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ALKUYE ? Blog Archive ? LTC Insurance coverage for Baby Boomers

There may be diverse methods to strategy your foreseeable future well being treatment requirements, but extended term treatment insurance policy for baby boomers seems to be the best product or service that will ensure your peace of brain and your family?s.

No one is encouraged today to bolster his nest egg because no quantity of protecting will alter the fact that the value of treatment will boost twofold in 2026 and fourfold later on in 2030. This is not a presumption but a foresight which was based mostly on the inhabitants development of infant boomers above the age of 65 and the distinct varieties of wellness situations that typically set off long term care (LTC).

Some of these maladies include Alzheimer?s, stroke, heart diseases, and high blood pressure among other individuals. Individuals with these conditions usually wind up in nursing houses but since 89 % of the populace prefers to keep at house and acquire care from a property well being aide, there has turn into a fast improve in growing older-in-put projects amongst home builders.

Ageing-in-spot is the act of acquiring LTC in LTC Insurance Reviews the confines of your residence which is total with all the necessities of LTC.

Examples of these important items that should be integrated into your house in situation that you choose to get care listed here are wheelchair ramps, wheelchair lift, safety shower grips, electronic monitoring devices, and an Net connection.

Numerous aged individuals are vehemently versus the thought of currently being sent to a nursing residence since of the unpleasant reviews that are continuously currently being churned out by publication workplaces in relation to the therapy that nursing home inhabitants are receiving.

Then there are people individuals that refuse to be appeared down upon by other people.

According to them, the residence for the aged and nursing houses are often imagined of as places for weak and dependent people. Little one boomers are so as opposed to their dad and mom from the silent era as they are by nature more impartial, adventurous, and smart.

Prolonged Expression Treatment Insurance policy for Baby Boomers

Senior child boomers can?t stand currently being treated like a paraplegic so even if they need to have support in various routines LTC Insurance Reviews of everyday residing (ADL) they want to retain their independence and delight. At least in their personal homes they have the assurance that they will be well used care of by a certified caregiver or a house overall health aide.

Bulk of extended term care insurance policy purchasers have opted for the thorough LTCI coverage because with this variety of insurance coverage you can obtain care anywhere you desire.

Possibly the only downside to obtaining a comprehensive coverage is the fact that it is much more costly than other types of policies. Nevertheless, with an insurance coverage agent who specializes in LTC by your facet you will comprehend that all the factors of your coverage are negotiable.

Extensive procedures enable individuals to receive care at house, in an assisted dwelling facility, a nursing property, or where ever he desires unlike the facility treatment only which primarily focuses on providing treatment in a certain variety of institutional or group-primarily based LTC facility.

By means of long phrase care insurance coverage for little one boomers preparing your future overall health care will definitely be much easier.

LTC Insurance Reviews

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Spalding Parks and Recreation Announces Football Signups for ...

Football Signups ages 7-12

The Spalding Parks and Recreation Department reminds you it?s time to start thinking about registering your child for Recreation Football! Due to the cost of providing this very popular program the fees will be a bit higher. This program has not seen an increase in fees for several years; however, due to the increased costs of field maintenance, utilities and the mandated replacement of helmets, an increase in registration fees could not be avoided. This registration fee also includes a $10.00 per player ?user fee? which is being charged to all youth sports participants to help cover the increasing costs of utilities and maintenance for each program. A limited amount of partial scholarships will be available on a first come basis.

Football registrations will be accepted on Saturdays only beginning July 14 through August 4 at City Park Community Center from 10:00am to 2:00pm. Please note that lines are shorter during the first few weeks of registration!

A birth certificate must be presented at sign ups. The age control date is the player?s age as of September 1, 2012.

Any youth registering must be accompanied by their parent or guardian.

All registrants must be weighed at registration.

Tackle leagues for ages 7-12 is $90.00.

Flag Football league for ages 5-6 is $60.00.

Football equipment will be issued during registration hours.

For program or coaching information, please contact Angie Stokes or Robby Milner at

770-467-4750.

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Spain requests bank aid, awaits Moody's cut

MADRID (Reuters) - Spain formally requested European aid for its indebted banks on Monday but the lack of details rekindled investor doubts over the financial sector, hours before Moody's was expected to cut the ratings of all Spanish lenders.

Two financial sources told Reuters the Moody's downgrade, which follows a June 13 downgrade of Spain's sovereign rating by three notches, was likely to happen on Monday night.

In a letter to Euro group Chairman Jean-Claude Juncker sent early on Monday, Spanish Economy Minister Luis de Guindos said he wanted to take up the EU offer of up to 100 billion euros and hoped to finalize the package by July 9.

He did not specify how much money Spain will seek to recapitalize the indebted lenders and said the final amount and conditions of the assistance were still under discussion.

Spanish banking stocks fell 2.6 percent in afternoon trade slightly underperforming the blue-chips index, which was off 2.5 percent. And Spain's country risk, as measured by the spread between German and Spanish benchmark bonds, rose to 504 basis points.

De Guindos said an independent audit of the banking sector released last Thursday would be used as a starting point to determine the capital needs, to which an additional security buffer will be added.

The audit showed Spanish banks, badly hit by a property crash four years ago, need up to 62 billion euros to weather a severe economic downturn.

Analysts say the euro zone's fourth largest economy, which has become the focus of the debt crisis, will struggle to get out of recession unless the banking problems are solved.

According to financial and government sources, four nationalized banks - Bankia, CatalunyaCaixa, NovaGalicia and Banco de Valencia - will get the bulk of the aid. These banks could need a cash injection of around 40 billion euros as soon as July, the sources said.

The bailout mechanism - European Stability Mechanism or European Financial Stability facility - which will be used to raise the money will be chosen at a later stage.

This question is important because the ESM has a preferred debtor status which would push private bondholders down the queue for repayment of their investments.

NO LOSSES FOR BONDHOLDERS

Luxembourg's prime minister, Jean-Claude Juncker, who chairs monthly meetings of euro zone finance ministers, said he had received the request and would give an answer "in due course".

"We expect to give a mandate to the Commission, in liaison with the ECB and the EBA, to negotiate the necessary policy conditionality for the financial sector, including restructuring plans in accordance with EU state aid rules, which shall accompany the financial assistance," he said in a statement.

The European Commission usually requires banks which receive aid to sell assets, close branches and restructure.

This would however not involve imposing losses on banks' bondholders, something De Guindos ruled out on Friday.

Secretary of State for Economy Fernando Jimenez Latorre said on Monday the aid should reach the banks within three or four months and that transitory liquidity mechanisms would be used for the entities which require a lifeline earlier.

"In the next weeks, we will clear doubts about the seniority of the European aid, the conditions for the credits, the maturity, if it will affect the deficit," he said.

He added that the possibility of channeling the European aid directly to the banks was still an option. The request letter however said Spain's bank restructuring fund, known as the FROB, would receive the money and distribute it to the lenders.

DIRECT AID?

Documents released on Friday after the independent audit showed Spain will carry out yet another stress test of its banks by October with a focus on seven lenders that might not need aid right away but could still be vulnerable.

Doing the extra test gives Spain at least two more months to negotiate for direct recapitalization of the banks. The government wants to avoid taking on the aid itself and then channeling it to the banks, which would affect the public debt, potentially ramping up borrowing costs and dragging it further into the debt crisis.

Foreign Minister Jose Manuel Garcia-Margallo said on Monday that Spain would insist in having long maturities and low interest rates on the loans. He also said direct European aid for the banks was still an option.

"The question of whether the aid is given directly to the banks remains open. This question was discussed in Rome between the four European leaders and no solution has been found yet," he said in Luxembourg, on the sidelines of a meeting of European Union foreign ministers.

Spain has escaped conditionality for its economic policy in return for the financial assistance but it will be placed under increased scrutiny from its EU partners.

"The way Spain complies with any and all of its commitments will be looked at with more attention than for a country which has not sought financial assistance," said EU competition chief Joaquin Almunia on Monday.

Almunia will be in charge of supervising the restructuring of the banking sector and maintaining a level playing field with other lenders in Europe which did not receive state aid.

(Additional reporting by Carlos Ruano in Santander Robert Hetz and Emma Pinedo in Madrid and Luke Baker in Brussels; editing by Fiona Ortiz and Anna Willard)

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Star Snapshots: Family Fun

Katie and Suri show off matching summer looks in N.Y.C. Plus, see more photos of celebs spending time with their loved ones!

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Sports lab in Ranchi on anvil

Ranchi, June 23: Sportspersons in Jharkhand have reason to rejoice. Soon a state-of-the-art sports lab will come up in the capital, equipped to treat injuries sustained on field and during practice.

The sports lab, a brainchild of arts, culture, sports and youth affairs minister and deputy chief minister Sudesh Mahto, will have a team of doctors and expert medical technicians on board to conduct tests and treat athletes.

While honouring sportspersons during the State Olympics Award ceremony organised by Jharkhand Olympic Association (JOA) on the occasion of Olympic Day today, Mahto said our sportsmen sacrifice a lot of sweat and blood for the sake of the state and thus deserve all help when injured.

The lab will also be equipped to study an athlete and suggest the best disciplines suited for him or her according to their body structure, Mahto said. ?We will provide scientific support to our players to help them excel,? he added.

According to him, a sports university was also in the pipeline.

The awards for 2010-11 and 2011-12 were presented to sportsmen in the function. Lawn bowl player Sunil Bahadur received the Jaipal Singh Award for best player for 2010-11 while archer Vinod Swansi bagged the award for 2011-12.

World number one archer Deepika Kumari received the Peter Thangraj Award for best woman player for 2010 while national hockey captain Asunta Lakra bagged it for 2011. Deepika?s mother received the award on her behalf as the archer is away preparing for the London Olympics.

JOA president R.K. Anand said the state has tremendous potential in terms of talent and infrastructure. But even after the national games, the equipment were not being looked after.

Earlier in the morning, a run was organised from Albert Ekka Chowk to Birsa Munda stadium at Morabadi.

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Wiz Khalifa And SpaceGhostPurrp 'Definitely Cool'

'Wiz is a positive dude,' SGP tells Mixtape Daily, denying any beef in wake of his Taylor Gang dis track.
By Rob Markman

SpaceGhostPurrp
Photo:

Behind the Beats: SpaceGhostPurrp

SpaceGhostPurrp may currently be at odds with A$AP Rocky, but the Miami rapper/producer doesn't exactly come off as a troublemaker. Many thought that SpaceGhost and Wiz Khalifa had a problem after Purrp released a track called "F--- Taylor Gang," but together they proved a little conversation can go a long way.

"Me and Wiz, we definitely cool, and the song that I made last year about the Taylor Gang thing, it was basically about me saying F the neighborhood," SGP told Mixtape Daily during a May interview.

Khalifa's reach is wide, and his passionate Taylor Gang fanbase doesn't just reside in Wiz's native Pittsburgh. "It's a neighborhood where there were a bunch of kids reppin' Taylor Gang and they were disrespecting my Raider Klan, so we had a feud back then, so I made that towards them," SpaceGhost said of the dis track that he aimed at the unaffiliated Taylors.

After hearing A$AP Rocky's "Pretty Flacko," a track that Purrp produced, Wiz reached out to the rising rap talent. "I love that beat. I'm like, 'Man, that beat is hard as hell,' " Wiz said when he appeared on "RapFix Live" back in April. "After that he sent me that crazy beat, and me and Juicy [J] went in."

The two were quickly able to hash out any misunderstandings and get to work. The beat that SpaceGhost sent would eventually become "T.A.P.," one of Khalifa's favorite songs from his Taylor Allderdice mixtape.

"Wiz is a positive dude — the Taylors that was down in Miami, they were ruthless," Purrp said. "I just wanted him to know that song wasn't directed to him; it was for the negative people who support his movement in my neighborhood."

Purrp is looking to keep the positive vibes rolling. He recently released his independent debut album, Mysterious Phonk: The Chronicles of SpaceGhostPurrp, a collection of his best mixtape tracks over the past year.

For other artists featured in Mixtape Daily, check out Mixtape Daily Headlines.

Related Artists

• Wiz Khalifa
• Spaceghostpurrp

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Those Phony Directionators, Romney?s Silent Faith, and the Case for Longer Tweets

?The Gay Parents Study,? a dialogue between William Saletan and?Mark Regnerus. Following the publication of Regnerus? gay parents study and the subsequent critique and defense by Saletan, the two continued the discussion in an open, five-part dialogue. In Part I, Regnerus defends the study?s findings by explaining the statistical background of the study. In Part 2, Saletan questions whether the study?s financers have manipulated the data to match their own political agenda. Regnerus responds in Part 3 by asserting that the study has little power over how their financial backers present the data on their website. Saletan summarizes the major questions the study and its data has brought to life in Part 4 and concludes by asking Regnerus whether he has changed his mind about the study and its findings. In Part 5, Regnerus concludes that gay and lesbian households in America are too diverse to be defined by a simple image.

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APS Superintendent's Cup Golf Tourney, Fund Raiser

According to an article from Albuquerque Public Schools (APS), the Albuquerque Public Schools Education Foundation will sponsor the first-ever Albuquerque Public School Superintendent's Cup Golf Tournament August 1, 2012 for the foundation's Horizon Campaign.

The Campaign will help support students with literacy, fine arts, and science and technology programs, including extra-curricular activities at the middle and high school levels and will also benefit? the Albuquerque Public School Education Foundation, which has injected more than $300,000 into district classrooms in the past 18 months.

?This is going to be a fun tournament, something that will allow the APS community to get together, hit some balls and really get to know one another better,? said tournament committee member Phill Casaus of the Albuquerque Public School Education Foundation.

Prizes and lunch will be provided.

Cost to play in the tournament at the University of New Mexico's Championship Course is $85 per player or $340 a team.

To learn more about the tournament, or to sign up, click www.aps.edu/education-foundation/superintendents-cup

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Elvis Presley's crypt pulled from auction block

FILE - In this undated file photo released by Julien's Auctions, singer Elvis Presley's Crypt in the Forest Hill Cemetery in Memphis, Tenn., will be auctioned as part of Music Icons June 23rd & 24th, 2012, at Julien's Auctions in Beverly Hills, Calif. Presley was interred there alongside his mother, Gladys, after he died Aug. 16, 1977, and reburied later at Graceland. On June 22, 2012, Elvis Presley's crypt was pulled from the auction due to fan outcry. (AP Photo/Julien's Auctions, File)

FILE - In this undated file photo released by Julien's Auctions, singer Elvis Presley's Crypt in the Forest Hill Cemetery in Memphis, Tenn., will be auctioned as part of Music Icons June 23rd & 24th, 2012, at Julien's Auctions in Beverly Hills, Calif. Presley was interred there alongside his mother, Gladys, after he died Aug. 16, 1977, and reburied later at Graceland. On June 22, 2012, Elvis Presley's crypt was pulled from the auction due to fan outcry. (AP Photo/Julien's Auctions, File)

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Elvis Presley's crypt has left the auction block.

Celebrity auctioneer Darren Julien said Friday that his company has agreed not to sell the crypt after fans worldwide demanded that it be kept as a shrine to his memory.

Julien's Auctions announced in May that it would sell the empty tomb at the Forest Hill Cemetery in Memphis, Tenn., at its "Music Icons" auction Sunday. Julien said the company won't sell the crypt "until Forest Hills finds a plan that best suits the interests of the fans while respecting and preserving the memory of Elvis Presley."

Presley was interred there alongside his mother, Gladys, after he died Aug. 16, 1977. Two months later, they were reburied at his Graceland home. The original crypt has remained empty ever since.

Associated Press

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Nano-infused paint can detect strain

Thursday, June 21, 2012

A new type of paint made with carbon nanotubes at Rice University can help detect strain in buildings, bridges and airplanes.

The Rice scientists call their mixture "strain paint" and are hopeful it can help detect deformations in structures like airplane wings. Their study, published online this month by the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters details a composite coating they invented that could be read by a handheld infrared spectrometer.

This method could tell where a material is showing signs of deformation well before the effects become visible to the naked eye, and without touching the structure. The researchers said this provides a big advantage over conventional strain gauges, which must be physically connected to their read-out devices. In addition, the nanotube-based system could measure strain at any location and along any direction.

Rice chemistry professor Bruce Weisman led the discovery and interpretation of near-infrared fluorescence from semiconducting carbon nanotubes in 2002, and he has since developed and used novel optical instrumentation to explore nanotubes' physical and chemical properties.

Satish Nagarajaiah, a Rice professor of civil and environmental engineering and of mechanical engineering and materials science, and his collaborators led the 2004 development of strain sensing for structural integrity monitoring at the macro level using the electrical properties of carbon nanofilms ? dense networks/ensembles of nanotubes. Since then he has continued to investigate novel strain sensing methods using various nanomaterials.

But it was a stroke of luck that Weisman and Nagarajaiah attended the same NASA workshop in 2010. There, Weisman gave a talk on nanotube fluorescence. As a flight of fancy, he said, he included an illustration of a hypothetical system that would use lasers to reveal strains in the nano-coated wing of a space shuttle.

"I went up to him afterward and said, 'Bruce, do you know we can actually try to see if this works?'" recalled Nagarajaiah.

Nanotube fluorescence shows large, predictable wavelength shifts when the tubes are deformed by tension or compression. The paint -- and therefore each nanotube, about 50,000 times thinner than a human hair -- would suffer the same strain as the surface it's painted on and give a clear picture of what's happening underneath.

"For an airplane, technicians typically apply conventional strain gauges at specific locations on the wing and subject it to force vibration testing to see how it behaves," Nagarajaiah said. "They can only do this on the ground and can only measure part of a wing in specific directions and locations where the strain gauges are wired. But with our non-contact technique, they could aim the laser at any point on the wing and get a strain map along any direction."

He said strain paint could be designed with multifunctional properties for specific applications. "It can also have other benefits," Nagarajaiah said. "It can be a protective film that impedes corrosion or could enhance the strength of the underlying material."

Weisman said the project will require further development of the coating before such a product can go to market. "We'll need to optimize details of its composition and preparation, and find the best way to apply it to the surfaces that will be monitored," he said. "These fabrication/engineering issues should be addressed to ensure proper performance, even before we start working on portable read-out instruments."

"There are also subtleties about how interactions among the nanotubes, the polymeric host and the substrate affect the reproducibility and long-term stability of the spectral shifts. For real-world measurements, these are important considerations," Weisman said.

But none of those problems seem insurmountable, he said, and construction of a handheld optical strain reader should be relatively straightforward. "There are already quite compact infrared spectrometers that could be battery-operated," Weisman said. "Miniature lasers and optics are also readily available. So it wouldn't require the invention of new technologies, just combining components that already exist.

"I'm confident that if there were a market, the readout equipment could be miniaturized and packaged. It's not science fiction."

###

Rice University: http://media.rice.edu

Thanks to Rice University for this article.

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How to Replace Existing Load Bearing Wall with a Beam

by Colleen S.Lee
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Need of Replacing Existing Walls There are many situations where you need to replace your existing walls with new ones. Maybe your wall needs some renovation over time or you simply want to improve the quality of wall over time. No matter what the reason is, it is important to consider a number of things carefully before replacing existing walls. The most important thing to be kept in mind is not to hinder the structure quality of the wall. Replacing Load Bearing Wall with a Beam It is necessary to take help from a structural engineer in determining whether the wall is load bearing or not. A load bearing wall is the one which has the ability of supporting additional weight of roofs and floors. A helpful way of determining this is to observe the direction of support. If the wall is running perpendicular to the support, it might be a load bearing wall, whereas if the wall us running parallel to the support, it may not be a load bearing one. This can be confirmed by an expert structural engineer. It is possible to replace some load bearing walls with beams. Span and weight of the load decides it. That is why they are rated in accordance to their span and load capacities. A lumber yard can easily guide you the size of the beam you need depending upon the load it has to bear. Easy Instructions Here are some easy steps which will help you to replace a load bearing wall with a beam with ease. * It is highly advisable to protect the floor surface of the room properly which is going to be renovated. This can be done by removing things from the room and if the floor is in good condition and properly covering it to be safe from dust. * You should be able to see what is inside the wall. This can be done by removing all wallboard from your load bearing wall. If your wall has got an internal support apart from standard studs, then it is better to take advice from an engineer. * You should now find studs parallel to approximately three feet from the load bearing wall. You may use a stud finder and a ladder for this purpose. Mark the positions appropriately. * Now by placing a two by four stud parallel to load bearing wall, nail the stud to three locations properly spaced evenly across the span. * Now, for the purpose of temporary support, create a frame. * Measure the distance between floor stud and ceiling properly. * Now, cut slightly longer than two by four for tight fitting. * The cut stud should now be wedged and tapped with a hammer. * Simply duplicate existing support wall by fitting the other end of temporary wall by installing studs about 16 inches. * Fit the beam carefully between joists and top of post support. * Remainder load bearing wall should now be removed and install your beam immediately. If you have followed the steps properly, your ceiling will not move when you will remove the wall. * You can secure your beam with plate supports.

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The Last Becoming the First at Home | DIY Home Improvement

In rating the importance of the different rooms in the house wherein five is the highest and one the lowest, the living room or the bedrooms usually get the highest rating and the bathroom the lowest.? The bathroom used to be one of the most ignored rooms in the house in terms of design and aesthetic planning.? This fact is true, however, only in the past generations.

The bathroom used to be one of the most ignored places, if not the one taken for granted the most, in the house.? With this said, the irrelevance of the bathroom was evident in its place in the house ? or rather, outside the house.? In some countries, an outdoor ?room? that is walled by large fabrics is already a well-functioning bathroom for them.? Some houses are said to be lucky or ?well off? if they even have this outside bathroom within their property.? In spite of these, people from the present generation see the bathroom as one of the important places in their lives.? It is a place to think and be alone, to pause and take a breath, and to escape from the busy reality of life.? With these reasons in mind, the bathroom ambiance that is set by the color, the NJ cabinets, and the bathroom accessories is now put in first priority.? The color of the bathroom greatly affects this room?s mood; therefore, it should reflect its purpose.? A homeowner who wants to feel alive and jolly after his bathroom experience may opt for a brightly colored bathroom.? A homeowner who desires to relax may prefer a color with cooler shades of blue or green.? The make and design of the NJ cabinets also play a vital role in setting the bathroom ambiance since, more often than not, these bathroom cabinets become the focal point of this private room.

If people of this generation would rate the rooms in their house according to importance and privacy, the bathroom would definitely be categorized under ?highly important and private?.? With the evolving needs of people, privacy and some alone time are some of the things that have changed from being a right to being a need.

adminPosted in: UncategorizedTagged: ambiance, bathroom, Becoming, homeowner, house, irrelevance, life, priority, purpose, spite

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30 under 30: An MRI Researcher with a Passion for Teaching

Features | More Science

Meet Merideth Frey, 27, one of the up-and-coming physicists attending this year's Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting

June 20, 2012

Image: Courtesy Merideth Frey

We?ve long understood black holes to be the points at which the universe as we know it comes to an end. Often billions of times more massive than the Sun, they...

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The annual Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting brings a wealth of scientific minds to the shores of Germany?s Lake Constance. Every summer at Lindau, dozens of Nobel Prize winners exchange ideas with hundreds of young researchers from around the world. Whereas the Nobelists are the marquee names, the younger contingent is an accomplished group in its own right. In advance of this year?s meeting, which focuses on physics, we are profiling several promising attendees under the age of 30. The profile below is the 15th in a series of 30.

Name: Merideth Frey
Age: 27
Born: Gilroy, Calif.
Nationality: U.S.

Current position: Ph.D. student, Yale University
Education: Bachelor?s degree from Wellesley College; master?s degree from Yale University

What is your field of research?
I work in nuclear magnetic resonance and am developing a new way of imaging solids using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

What drew you to physics, and to that research area in particular?
I read The Whole Shebang by Timothy Ferris in high school and was mesmerized by the wonders of quantum mechanics and cosmology and just knew I had to study physics. The fact that the natural world could be understood so well and yet still yield so many surprises made me yearn to understand as much as I could. My current area of research attracted me because I would be able to apply the weirdness of quantum mechanics to help solve a long-standing problem in a scientific field that was completely new to me (MRI of solids). I love discussing research with scientists in different disciplines and learning from everyone?s different viewpoints in order to tackle complicated scientific problems.

Where do you see yourself in 10 years?
I hope to be a tenured professor at a liberal arts institution in 10 years. I really enjoy sharing my love of physics through teaching and mentoring future scientists. For research, I would like to use my physics knowledge as a tool to tackle biomedical problems from another angle.

Who are your scientific heroes?
Lise Meitner?an amazing physicist who persevered against all odds and sadly never received the recognition she deserved; Edward Purcell ? a physicist known for his many contributions to a wide array of physics disciplines as well as being a valued mentor and scientific adviser.

What activities outside of physics do you most enjoy?
Playing clarinet and piano, designing and creating pop-up cards for family and friends.

What do you hope to gain from this year?s Lindau meeting?
I love being around physicists because they are so excited to share their enthusiasm for their work, and I am no exception. I am enthralled by each experiment I hear about and get energized each time I talk about my own projects. My current research has many potential applications that span a variety of scientific fields, so I am particularly interested to see what new applications and collaborations will materialize by discussing my work with top scientists from all over the world. I am also very interested in science education and communication and am eager to ask Nobel laureates their thoughts on improving science education and discussing how science can be better communicated to the public.

Are there any Nobelists whom you are particularly excited to meet or learn from at Lindau?
For my own enrichment, I look forward to meeting Paul Crutzen and Mario Molina to learn more about their work on ozone depletion and studying global warming. This is such an important issue now, and it will be inspiring to learn from the best in the field. For my own research, I am excited to meet Kurt Wuthrich, who developed very important methods in nuclear magnetic resonance that I hope to employ in my future research. For my interests in science communication, I look forward to talking with Sir Harold Kroto to learn about his work communicating science to the public via science films through the Vega Science Trust that he started.

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Expectations low for Rio+20 U.N. development summit

By Paulo Prada and Nina Chestney

RIO DE JANEIRO | Mon Jun 18, 2012 12:38pm EDT

RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - As Brazil welcomes nearly 120 heads of state and government for a summit on global development this week, the mood could not be more different than it was two decades ago, when global leaders gathered here for the landmark Earth Summit.

Back then, once-arcane concerns about climate change and deforestation had finally grabbed the world's attention, leading to a global treaty on biodiversity and decisions that cleared the way for the Kyoto agreement on greenhouse gases.

Now, though, the minds of global leaders are elsewhere.

Instead of clean energy, food, the oceans and other topics scheduled for debate at Rio+20, as the summit is known, political focus is attuned to a teetering Europe, turmoil in the Middle East and a presidential campaign in the United States.

Although more than 50,000 visitors are expected in Rio de Janeiro by the end of the three-day event starting Wednesday, few concrete results are expected from the summit.

At best, officials could agree on clarity for proposed "sustainable development goals," a loose tripod of economic, environmental and social objectives that proponents believe could help guide global development.

So dim are the prospects that Brazil's lead negotiator in the run-up warned that the summit risked being "held hostage" by other priorities.

"We are here to think about the long term," said Luiz Alberto Figueiredo, an undersecretary at Brazil's Foreign Ministry, "not crises that may be overcome in one or two years."

But hopes have long been low for the summit, officially called the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.

U.S. President Barack Obama said months ago he would not attend. The leaders of Germany and Britain are staying home, too.

Many of those who do come likely will be focused on matters discussed Monday and Tuesday at the Group of 20 meeting in Mexico, where leaders of the world's major economies are debating the global economic downturn.

Still, some reject the notion that gains cannot be made in Rio. Former U.S. President Bill Clinton, on a conference call about climate issues, called Rio+20 an important "working conference."

"Everybody has made all the speeches they can make," Clinton said on Monday, predicting that delegations from the United States and Europe would still be productive despite the absence of major heads of state. His wife, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, is leading the U.S. delegation.

FOCUS ON DEVELOPMENT, NOT ENVIRONMENT

Brazil, a prominent voice in the environmental debate as home to the world's biggest rainforest, for months has been tempering the hopes of environmentalists seeking a repeat of the 1992 summit. After a decade-long economic boom, Brazil and other big emerging nations refuse to put environmental concerns ahead of their own drive for growth.

"The summit can't just be about the environment," Antonio Patriota, Brazil's foreign minister, said in a recent interview. "It has to be about development."

Environmentalists say the planet is no better off now than in 1992. With continued melting of polar icecaps, record greenhouse emissions last year and a global population on track to grow to at least 9 billion by 2050, according to U.N. projections, existing policies have done little to assuage human demands on the global ecosystem, they argue.

A key difference from two decades ago is that the Earth Summit was the culmination of years of negotiations to fashion some of the first international environmental policies ever created. This meeting, by contrast, is the beginning of a process to establish so-called "sustainable development goals."

When established, the goals are expected to build upon a current round of objectives, known as the millennium goals, which U.N. members agreed to pursue at least through 2015. Those objectives include eradicating hunger and extreme poverty, improving access to education and reducing child mortality.

LITTLE PROGRESS IN PRE-SUMMIT NEGOTIATIONS

U.N. negotiations are slow-moving processes that require finding common ground among 193 member countries and bridging huge gulfs in priorities between the developed world and emerging markets. And the sustainable development goals, while still being defined, are built around three vague issues that mean different things to different countries: economic development, social inclusion and the environment.

"The specific objectives differ globally, between and within societies," Jeffrey Sachs, the Columbia University economist, wrote in a recent essay, noting no consensus on priorities.

Delegations hammering out a declaration for Rio+20 in recent days have not gotten far on building that consensus. After plans to wrap up a draft by the weekend failed, delegations are now scrambling to get something together by the time their leaders descend upon Rio mid-week.

"We see a lopsided victory of weak words over action words," said Lasse Gustavsson, leader of the World Wildlife Fund's delegation at the summit.

As with long-simmering differences over greenhouse emissions, use of the seas and other divisive issues, negotiators are haggling over wording and implications the text could have on the entrenched positions of rich countries, developing nations and regional blocs.

The United States, for instance, opposes the inclusion of a phrase favored by emerging markets.

The phrase, "common but differentiated responsibilities," reflects what developing nations consider their right to catch up with the rich world and as such have more leeway on emissions and other environmental concerns. China, for instance, is now the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases but it is still far behind developed nations in per-capita prosperity.

The timing of the summit also means countries are reluctant to consider financial commitments. Talk of the creation of a $30 billion fund for development goals quickly faded.

"We dont think there is any one fund that can solve these problems," Kerri-Ann Jones, an assistant U.S. secretary of state, said in a briefing last week.

RIO BRACES FOR GRIDLOCK

In Brazil, organizers hope that at least the logistics of the event come off successfully.

As the country gears up to host the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics, it is scrambling to upgrade highways, airports, stadiums, and other facilities needed to accommodate the expected crush of visitors. With millions of new cars on the road after a decade of prosperity, cities like Rio and Sao Paulo are routinely crippled by traffic and minor emergencies that strain old and rickety infrastructure.

In recent days, Rio residents have been bracing for gridlock once authorities close lanes, slow air traffic and beef up security to make way for expected leaders including Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

Meanwhile, the already colorful city has seen a splash of summit-related demonstrations by activists.

On Sunday, demonstrators on Copacabana beach unfurled a giant "trillion dollar bill" to protest fossil fuel subsidies by governments. On Tuesday, demonstrators are scheduled to cart a replica of a military tank, made of bread, into a slum to protest the precedence of defense budgets over social spending.

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Testing for Many Designer Drugs At Once

LilaG writes "Drug tests spot banned substances based on their chemical structures, but a new breed of narcotics is designed to evade such tests. These synthetic marijuana drugs, found in 'herbal incense,' are mere chemical tweaks of each other, allowing them to escape detection each time researchers develop a new test for one of the compounds. Now chemists have developed a method that can screen for multiple designer drugs at once, without knowing their structures. The test may help law enforcement crack down on the substances. The researchers used a technique called 'mass defect filtering,' which can detect related compounds all at once. That's because related compounds have almost equal numbers to the right of the decimal point in their molecular masses. The researchers tested their technique on 32 herbal products ... They found that every product contained one or more synthetic cannabinoid; all told, they identified nine different compounds in them ? two illegal ones and seven that are not regulated. The original paper appears (behind a paywall) in Analytical Chemistry." From the article: "The research is timely, too. 'Many drugs of abuse in the Olympics are designer drugs,' he [Gary Siuzdak] says, in the steroid family. Grabenauer plans to extend her method to other designer drug families."

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Forests 'vital for green growth'

19 June 2012 Last updated at 07:03 GMT By Mark Kinver Environment reporter, BBC News

The world's forests, if managed properly, can help deliver a strong and durable global green economy, a UN report has concluded.

But the report's authors said that nations needed to do more to ensure the right policies are in place if forests are to meet their maximum potential.

In another initiative, an international collaboration has pledged to restore 18 million hectares of wooded landscapes.

The findings were launched at the Rio+20 summit in Brazil.

"Forests and trees on farms are a direct source of food, energy and income for more than a billion of the world's poorest people," said Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assisant director-general for Forestry at the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

"At the same time, forests trap carbon and mitigate climate change, maintain water and soil health, and prevent desertification," he added.

"The sustainable management of forests offer multiple benefits - with the right programmes and policies, the sector can lead the way towards more sustainable, greener economies."

The report, The State of the World's Forests 2012, the 10th in the SOFO series, highlighted some of the main avenues in which money could figuratively grow on trees, including:

• Critical life support systems - can perform a range of "essential ecosystem funtions", such as regulating water supplies and buffering floods and droughts.
• "Engine of economic development" - SOFO highlights strong link between reforestation and growth, and deforestation and economic decline, hence the anti-poverty role of forests.
• "Key component of greening other sectors" - wood is still the primary energy source for one-third of the world's population, therefore - with the right policies - it can expanded to provide a global greener, cleaner energy source.

The report, launched at the R+20 summit in Rio De Jainero, concluded that forests and forest products "will not solve the challenges of moving towards greener economies, but they will provide excellent examples and a source of hope".

Rising to the challenge

Also being announced at the summit was a joint pledge between a number of nations and NGOs to restore more than 18 million hectares of forest landscape.

The US and Rwanda goverments teamed up with the Brazilian Mata Atlantica Forest Restoration Pact (made up from government agencies, NGOs, private sector bodies and indigenous groups).

The annoucement forms part of the "Bonn Challenge", which was agreed in September 2011 and commits nations to restore 150 million hectares of forested areas by 2020.

"The largest restoration initiative the world has ever seen is now underway," said Julia Marton-Lefcvre, director-general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

"[It] will provide huge global benefits in the form of income, food security and addressing climate change," she added.

"We urge other countries and landowners to follow suit."

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Taliban praises India for resisting Afghan entanglement

KABUL (Reuters) - - India has done well to resist U.S. calls for greater involvement in Afghanistan, the Taliban said in a rare direct comment about one of the strongest opponents of the hardline Islamist group that was ousted from power in 2001.

The Taliban also said they won't let Afghanistan be used as a base against another country, addressing fears in New Delhi that Pakistan-based anti-India militants may become more emboldened if the Taliban return to power.

The Afghan Taliban have longstanding ties to Pakistan and striking a softer tone towards its arch rival India could be a sign of a more independent course.

Direct talks with the United States - which have since been suspended - and an agreement to open a Taliban office in Qatar to conduct formal peace talks have been seen as signs of a more assertive stance.

U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta this month encouraged India to take a more active role in Afghanistan as most foreign combat troops leave in 2014. The Taliban said Panetta had failed.

"He spent three days in India to transfer the heavy burden to their shoulders, to find an exit, and to flee from Afghanistan," the group said on its English website.

US urges bigger role for India in Afghanistan

"Some reliable media sources said that the Indian authorities did not pay heed to (U.S.) demands and showed their reservations, because the Indians know or they should know that the Americans are grinding their own axe."

There had been no assurance for the Americans, Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told Reuters on Sunday.

Has the Taliban fallen on tough times?

"It shows that India understands the facts," he said.

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Big donor
India is one of the biggest donors in Afghanistan, spending about $2 billion on projects ranging from the construction of highways to the building of the Afghan parliament. It has also won an iron ore concession in a $11 billion investment.

But New Delhi has avoided involvement in bolstering Afghan security, except for running courses for small groups of Afghan army officers at military institutions in India.

Panetta: US patience with Pakistan 'reaching limits'

"No doubt that India is a significant country in the region, but is also worth mentioning that they have full information about Afghanistan because they know each other very well in the long history," the Taliban said.

"They are aware of the Afghan aspirations, creeds and love for freedom. It is totally illogical they should plunge their nation into a calamity just for the American pleasure."

India backed the Northern Alliance during the civil war and was frozen out of Afghanistan once the Taliban took over in 1996 until their ouster by U.S. forces. It has since developed close ties with Kabul, prompting Pakistani fears of encirclement.

Report: Taliban, Afghan troops forge agreements

Pakistan has strong traditional links with the Afghan Taliban and other militant groups. Islamabad denies that it uses them as proxies to gain leverage in Afghanistan ahead of any settlement to the war, or in case civil war breaks out after foreign troops leave.

Vikram Sood, a former chief of India's intelligence agency, said the Taliban statement held an implicit warning for India.

"It's more a gentle reminder asking India not to mess around in Afghanistan after the Americans leave," he told Reuters.

(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2012. Check for restrictions at: http://about.reuters.com/fulllegal.asp

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USAID cuts funding for Elmo on Pakistan TV

The US cut $20 million for Pakistani version of Sesame Street. USAID alleges fraud against the show's producers, but the cutbacks come as the US is pulling back foreign aid.

By Scott Baldauf,?Staff writer / June 6, 2012

Pakistan?s version of Sesame Street ? complete with an Elmo who squeals in Urdu ? is facing a cutback in support from USAID, America?s Agency for International Development.

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Pakistan?s version of Sesame Street ? complete with an Elmo who squeals in Urdu ? is facing a cutback in support from USAID, America?s Agency for International Development.

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The cutbacks come amid allegations of fraud by the Lahore-based theater group that produces the children?s show, the Rafi Peer Theatre Workshop, but it also comes at a time when the US-Pakistani relationship is strained, and when the US government is cutting back dramatically on foreign aid worldwide.

USAID allocated $20 million for the production of Sim Sim Hamara (which means ?Our Street? in Urdu), and $6.7 million of that was used to produce the first season, which premiered in 2011. The remainder of the contract has been terminated, pending the results of an investigation into the fraud charges.

"We did launch an investigation into the allegations. We also sent the theater workshop a letter that terminates the project agreement," US State Department spokesman Mark Toner told a news briefing in Washington on June 5. "No one is questioning, obviously, the value and positive impact of this kind of programming for children. But this is about allegations of corruption."

Faizaan Peerzada, Rafi Peer?s chief operating officer, denied the fraud charges, saying in a statement, ?Rafi Peer is proud of its association with the project and the quality of children?s educational television programming created within Pakistan as a result.?

Whatever the ultimate result of the investigation, the shutdown of funds into children?s broadcasting in Pakistan come at an unfortunate time in the US-Pakistani relationship.

NATO airstrikes and US special forces raids on Pakistani territory have strained Pakistani patience with the US-led war on terror, and Pakistan has shut off NATO?s use of Pakistani roads and ports to resupply its troops in Afghanistan. The US, meanwhile, has grown increasingly frustrated with what it sees as signs of either Pakistani collusion with militant groups such as the Taliban, or incompetence in bringing them under control.

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Sources: Microsoft And Barnes & Noble To Announce Tablet With Xbox Live Streaming Tomorrow

There's a ton of speculation around what Microsoft will be announcing on Monday in Los Angeles. Both the Wrap and ATD claim the event will showcase a Microsoft built Windows RT/Windows 8 tablet. According to folks with knowledge of the situation, they're somewhat right but mostly wrong. We're being told that a tablet/e-reader built in conjunction with Barnes & Noble is on tap and that it will be entertainment driven.

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Corgi Rae Jepsen Barks Out "Call Me Maybe"

We know, we know: they were cute at first, but now you're sick of the "Call Me Maybe" lip dubs. Even when they are done by shirtless Abercrombie & Fitch models.

But this one is a bit different. It's not really a lip dub, nor is it a cover. It's really more of a parody, considering the feature singer is a dog named (naturally) Corgi Rae Jepsen.

Give it a listen now and then compare it to the other Call Me Maybe covers circulating around the Internet. This has to at least be in the top (ca)nine, right?

Corgi Rae Jepsen: - "Call Me Maybe"

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Hidden vitamin in milk yields remarkable health benefits

Friday, June 15, 2012

A novel form of vitamin B3 found in milk in small quantities produces remarkable health benefits in mice when high doses are administered, according to a new study conducted by researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College and the Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The findings, recently reported in the June 2012 issue of the journal, Cell Metabolism, reveal that high doses of the vitamin precursor, nicotinamide riboside (NR) ? a cousin of niacin ? prevent obesity in mice that are fed a fatty diet, and also increase muscle performance, improve energy expenditure and prevent diabetes development, all without side effects.

The Swiss researchers, led by Dr. Johan Auwerx, performed the mouse experiments, while the ability to give the animals sufficient doses of NR was made possible by Weill Cornell Medical College researchers, who played key roles in uncovering the biological story of NR.

"This study is very important. It shows that in animals, the use of NR offers the health benefits of a low-calorie diet and exercise ? without doing either one," says Dr. Anthony Sauve, associate professor of Pharmacology at Weill Cornell Medical College.

Dr. Sauve is the pharmacologist and organic chemist who has invented a simple method for efficiently synthesizing NR in large scale. He was first to show that NR increases nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels in mammalian cells. NAD is a central player in energy metabolism. He has pioneered research into the compound, and he is a leader in investigating how NAD can signal adaptation in cells and in physiology.

"The research also suggests that the effects of NR could be even broader," Dr. Sauve says. "The bottom line is that NR improves the function of mitochondria, the cell's energy factories. Mitochondrial decline is the hallmark of many diseases associated with aging, such as cancer and neurodegeneration, and NR supplementation boosts mitochondrial functioning."

The Swiss researchers call NR a "hidden vitamin" that is believed to also be present in many other foods, although levels are low and difficult to measure. Nevertheless, the effects of NR on metabolism "are nothing short of astonishing."

Got nicotinamide riboside?

The study depended on a series of crucial discoveries by Dr. Sauve and his laboratory colleagues.

NR, related to niacin and other common forms of vitamin B3, was first investigated more than 60 years ago by a Stanford researcher and 1959 Nobel Laureate, Arthur Kornberg. But little more was known about its effects in mammals until Dr. Sauve discovered the effect NR had in stimulating levels of NAD in mammalian cells ? work he published in 2007.

NAD allows sugars, fats, and proteins to be converted into energy. Dr. Sauve's research provided the first evidence that NR enhances NAD levels in the mitochondria in mammalian cells in culture. These findings are published in the current study. These cell-based observations were key to the demonstration that NR could stimulate tissue NAD levels in animals, and that it could stimulate NAD-dependent sirtuins, which adapt physiology to the low calorie diets that are known to extend the lifespan of many organisms.

Dr. Sauve invented a relatively simple method for efficiently synthesizing NR in large scale so that its health benefits can be studied. This methodology, which makes it possible to make NR commercially available, was patented by Cornell's Center for Technology Enterprise and Commercialization and subsequently licensed to ChromaDex Corporation.

The development of a means to synthesize NR in adequate quantities was crucial to the current research, and the Sauve lab provided methods and NR to make the study possible. In addition, the biological observations on the effects of NR on NAD levels in cells and on mitochondria were key to the study. Finally, the Sauve laboratory has developed state of the art analytical methods to determine NAD levels in cells, tissues and organelles, and the laboratory provided several key metabolic measurements highlighted in the study.

"Our published scientific work has verified that NR is perhaps the most potent NAD enhancing agent ever identified," he says. His laboratory is also widely recognized for developing an expertise in the measurement of NAD metabolism in cell tissues.

With this compound, the Swiss researchers found that mice on a high-fat diet supplemented with NR gained significantly less weight (60 percent) than mice fed the same diet without NR, even though the mice supplemented with NR ate the same amount of food as mice on the high fat diet not treated with NR. They had improved energy. They were in better shape than the untreated mice, with significantly better endurance and stronger muscles. Additionally, none of the treated mice developed diabetes, as seen in the untreated mice on the high fat diet. And when fed a normal diet, NR treated mice had improved sensitivity to insulin. The NR treated mice also showed lower cholesterol levels. All of these benefits came without toxicity.

While the new study demonstrates that high doses of NR can largely prevent the negative health consequences of a poor diet in mice, Dr. Sauve stresses that the effects of high doses of the vitamin in humans have not been evaluated. "It is important to keep in mind that the amount of NR in milk and other foods appears to be small. We don't know what effects NR would have in humans at relatively high doses," he says.

"Still, we have very encouraging evidence of benefits of NR and NAD augmentation in general from this animal study ? and much more work to do," he says.

###

New York- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medical College: http://www.med.cornell.edu

Thanks to New York- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medical College for this article.

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